Description
Electrodes: Lead-acid batteries have two main electrodes: the positive electrode (lead dioxide, PbO₂) and the negative electrode (pure lead, Pb).
Electrolyte: A solution of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) acts as the electrolyte, facilitating the flow of ions between the electrodes during charging and discharging.
Separator: Placed between the two electrodes to prevent short-circuiting, while allowing ion flow.
2. Working Principle
Discharge: During discharge, lead dioxide at the positive electrode and lead at the negative electrode react with sulfuric acid, forming lead sulfate (PbSO₄) and releasing electrical energy.
Charge: When charging, the process reverses, converting lead sulfate back into lead dioxide and lead, while restoring sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolyte.